遥感技术在新疆库塘型湿地公园规划中的应用——以玛纳斯国家湿地公园规划为例

Application of Remote Sensing Technologies in Planning Reservoir and Pond Wetland Parks in Xinjiang—A Case Study of Manasi National Wetland Park

新疆库塘型湿地的保护和利用对于稳定绿洲和城市转型发展具有重要意义。玛纳斯湿地是新疆库塘湿地的典型代表,通过遥感技术对玛纳斯湿地多期土地覆被及水文变化进行了解译。结果表明:湿地水文变化主要受人为调控影响,水文变化周期不利于自然植被生长,湿地植被逐年衰退,区域土壤存在盐碱化风险。规划提出了适宜湿地植被生长的水位调控方案和土壤盐碱化的生态防治策略;基于湿地出现频率的叠加分析,划定了湿地公园的生态功能区划和外围管控分区,为同类湿地的规划提供了有益借鉴。

Protection and utilization of reservoir and pond wetlands are of great importance to Oasis stabilization and urban development in Xinjiang. Manas wetland is a typical representative of the reservoir and pond wetland Remote sensing technologies were used to interpret the multiple cycles of land cover and hydrological changes in Manasi wetland. Results indicated that the hydrological changes were mainly due to artificial interventions, the hydrological cycles were not conducive to the growth of vegetation, leading to continual degradation of the wetland vegetation and the soil salinization. Measures of water level regulation to promote vegetation growth and strategies of ecological control of soil salinization were proposed in the planning. Ecological-function zones of the wetland park were identified using the overlay analysis of wetland occvrrence frequency.