联合采伐机械在短周期桉树人工林中的应用及效率分析

Application and Analyses of Efficiencies for Mechanised Log Harvesting of Short Rotation Eucalyptus Plantations

机械化是林业采伐未来发展的方向,为探索机械采伐的优缺点,本文通过试验对比分析,得出机械采伐效率是人工采伐的4倍,单位采伐成本比人工采伐高28.8%。机械采伐降低了对人工的依赖,减少管理成本开支,安全性高,木材计量损失少;缺点是不适合在个别极端地形作业,对采伐迹地土壤质量有一定影响等。总体上机械采伐是值得大力推广的林业采伐方式,如何控制成本和提高采伐效率是其推广过程中需要解决的重点问题。

Comprehensive mechanization will be the tendency of forestry harvesting in the future. In order to appraise the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical harvest, we compared the achievements of mechanical harvest and manual harvest through a series of tests. The results showed that the efficiency of mechanical harvest was 4 times to manual harvest, though the cost was 28.8%higher than manual harvest per unit of wood. In addition, mechanical harvest decreases labor dependence, management costs, loss of timber, and is comparatively safer for the workers involved. However, harvesting machines can’t work in extreme terrain, and where they can work they can have adverse effects on soil properties. This study concluded that mechanical harvesting is worth promoting for the harvesting of eucalypt plantations, though a number of key issues still need attention including cost control and efficiency improvements.