氮、磷、钾施用水平对马铃薯脱毒苗植株性状、产量性状、干物质含量和经济系数的影响

Effect of NPK fertilizer application rate on plant trait, minituber yield, tuber dry matter content and economic coefficient of potato plantlets in vitro transplanted in greenhouse

利用早熟品种荷兰15号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料，在温室扦插种植生产原原种。采用三因素四水平正交设计，设氮、磷、钾三种施肥因素，每个因素均设4个施肥水平，分析氮磷钾施用水平对马铃薯脱毒苗的植株性状（株高、茎粗和叶面积）、产量性状（商品薯产量和总产量）、块茎干物质含量和经济系数的影响。结果表明，N对脱毒苗的株高有显著影响，K2O对脱毒苗的茎粗有显著影响，N和K2O对脱毒苗的叶面积有显著影响；N施用量在240kg·hm^-1，P2O5施用量在165kg·hm^-1，K2O施用量在150-270kg·hm^-2时，原原种产量较高、干物质含量较高且经济系数比较合理。

In order to find appropriate NPK fertilizer application rate for minituber production, plantlets n vitro of the early maturing potato variety Dutch 15 were transplanted in a greenhouse to produce minitubers. A three-factor and four-level orthogonal design was used, with N, P and K being factors and each of the factor having four levels, to study the effects of NPK fertilizer application rates on plant traits （plant height, stem diameter and leaf area）, yield traits （marketable minituber yield and total minituber yield）, tuber dry matter content and economic coefficient of plantlets in vitro transplanted. The results showed that N had a significant influence on plant height, K2O had a significant influence on stem diameter, and N and K2O had significant influence on plant leaf area. When applied at 240 kg· hm^2 for N, 165 kg· hm^2 for P2O5, and 150-270 kg· hm^2 for K2O both minituber production and tuber dry matter content was high, and the economic coefficient was quite reasonable.