财政支出结构对城乡收入差距的影响——基于结构性收入差距视角的实证研究

The Impact of Fiscal Expenditure Structure on Income Gap Between Urban and Rural: Empirical Study Based on the View of Structural Income Gap

文章将城乡收入差距分解为四项结构性收入差距,即工资性收入差距、经营性收入差距、财产性收入差距和转移性收入差距。各项结构性收入差距对城乡总收入差距有不同贡献和作用。研究表明:不同财政支出项目对城乡总收入差距的影响是通过作用于不同结构性收入差距实现的。财政科教文卫支出主要通过拉大城乡经营性收入差距从而对城乡总收入差距产生扩大作用;财政支持农业支出主要作用于城乡转移性收入差距从而缩小城乡总收入差距;财政社会保障支出对城乡结构性收入差距均表现为扩大效应,但统计上不显著;财政公共安全支出一定程度上缩小了城乡工资性收入差距,然而这种影响是不可持续的。

The income gap between urban and rural is divided into four structural urban-rural income gap in this paper, which are wage income gap, operating income gap, property income and transfer income gap. First, through analysis, every structural urban-rural income gap has different contribution and effect on total income gap between urban and rural residents. Then, by empirical analysis, we get the impact of fis- cal expenditure structure on structural urban-rural income gap. Studies show that different fiscal expendi- ture has impact on total income gap between urban and rural residents, which is achieved by acting on dif- ferent structural income gap. Fiscal expenditure on science, education, culture and health expands the to- tal income gap between urban and rural residents mainly by amplifying the operating income gap; fiscal ex- penditure on supporting agriculture narrows the total income gap between urban and rural residents mainly by affecting the transfer income gap~ fiscal expenditure on social security has amplifying effect on every structural urban-rural income gap, but not significant statistically~ to some extent, fiscal expenditure on public safety reduces the wage income gap, but this effect is not sustainable.