党治体制下的社团冲突与社团管理——以1934年苏州弹词男女拼档纠纷案为例

Conflict and Management of Mass Organizations in a One-party System-Case Study of Disputes between Soochow Lyrical Actors and Actresses Sharing a Stage in 1934

1934年苏州光裕社与男女说书会因苏州弹词男女拼档演出形式引发冲突。中突双方没有诉诸司法机构,而是依次向国民党各级党部呈请裁决。这一冲突与国民党党治体制下的社团管理政策与方式有密切关系,各级党部处理方案的差异是冲突升级的重要因素。中央党部的终裁允许社团分立、禁止男女拼档。但社团迅速分立而男女拼档却有禁无止。后来男女拼档成为主要演出形式,社团复归统一,竟与终裁方案完全相反。

The increase in mixed gender stage-sharing for Soochow Lyrical actors and actresses resulted in conflicts between the Guangyu Society for Storytelling Studies and the Association of Male and Female Storytellers in Wu County.Neither side resorted to judicial institutions,but successively appealed up every party level of the Guomindang for adjudication.The conflict had close relations with the mass organization management policy and pattern in the Guomindang's one-party system,and the differences between treatment schemes at various levels of the Guomindang's headquarters were important elements in the escalation of the conflict.The adjudication of the Guomindang's central headquarters directed separation of societies and associations and banned actors and actresses from sharing a stage.Societies and associations separated immediately but the order banning actors and actresses from sharing a stage was ignored.Later the pattern of actors and actresses sharing a stage became a main pattern for performance,and societies and associations united again.This result is completely opposite to the Guomindang's final adjudication.