日本农民增收的经验和启示

Experience of Japanese farmers' income growth and suggestions to China

在传统农业社会向现代工业社会转型的进程中,城乡收入差距过大、农民收入较低是一个世界难题。自1975年以来,日本农民人均收入一直高于城市居民,是世界农业史上的奇迹。通过分析日本农民收入结构发现,日本农民收入80%以上来自非农收入。可见,农村劳动力向非农部门的成功转移是日本农民收入提高的关键原因。日本城乡基础教育的均等化以及"工业下移"的城镇化布局是农村劳动力在产业间顺利转移的重要原因。中国和日本农业条件非常相似,应借鉴日本经验,大力发展第二、三产业,合理布局中小城镇,同时重视农村基础教育和职业教育,从而缩小城乡差距,维护社会稳定,促进经济增长。

In the process of industrialization,the widening income gap between urban and rural areas,the problom of increasing farmers' income are challenges faced by countries in the world.Since 1975,in Japan,per capita income of rural residents has been higher than urban residents,which is the miracle of the world's agricultural history.By analyzing the revenue structure of Japanese farmers,this paper found that more than 80%of their income came from off-farm income.Successful transfer of agricultural labor to non-agricultural sector is a key reason to improve farmers' income.Equalization of education and a reasonable layout of urbanization are significant factors which promote agricultural labors to transfer smoothly between inter-industry.As for similar agricultural conditions,China can learn from the Japanese experience,to develop secondary and tertiary industries,adjust the layout of the urbanization,while focusing on basic education and vocational education in rural areas,thus narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,maintaining social stability and promoting economic growth.