湘西地区杜仲翅果性状多样性的研究

Diversity of samara characters of Euocmmia ulmoides in western of Hunan

杜仲是重要的胶源树种,其翅果富含杜仲胶和油脂。湘西地区属杜仲的自然分布区和中心产区,为了科学评价湘西地区的杜仲种质资源,筛选富含杜仲胶和杜仲油脂的植株,基于湘西地区24个杜仲翅果样品检测分析,对翅果形态特征、杜仲胶含量和油脂含量进行评价。结果表明:湘西地区杜仲翅果的形态多样,杜仲胶含量和油脂含量的变异较大。通过聚类分析可分为3个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群包括B1等8个样品,其翅果面积大、百粒重高,单果含胶量和单果含油量高,为优质杜仲资源。同时发现果宽、果形指数、百粒重与杜仲胶含量和含油脂量呈显著正相关,可作为种质资源筛选的参考指标。

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is an important rubber-producing tree and its samara is rich in gutta-percha and grease. In order to evaluate the germplasm resources of Euocmmia ulmoides in western Hunan, which is a natural and central distribution area of Euocmmia ulmoides, and to screen excellent plants with high gutta-percha and grease content, the morphological characters, the content of gutta-percha and grease of samara from different production areas in west Hunan were evaluated. The results show that the samara in the area had morphological diversity, the contents of gutta-percha and grease changes greatly;according to the cluster analysis for the samara characteristics, the Euocmmia ulmoides in west Hunan could be divided into 3 groups;the groupⅡincluded 8 samples and they were excellent resources with big samara area and 100-samara weight, and high gutta-percha and grease content in single samara. Moreover, the samara width, fruit shape index, 100-kernel weight exhibited significantly positive correlation with the gutta-percha and grease content. The results could be used as the indexes to screen out excellent germplasm resources.