不同地表覆盖对地表温度、湿度和土壤水分的影响

Effects of different patterns surface mulching on ground temperature, humidity and soil moisture

以土壤为对象,研究在高温下5种不同覆盖方式(清耕处理、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖、灌木覆盖)对土壤性状的影响。结果表明,5种覆盖方式在高温下对土壤性状产生了影响:地膜覆盖提高了地表温度,且地膜覆盖下的地表温度上升最快,上升幅度最大,秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖和灌木覆盖则降低了地表温度,灌木覆盖的降温效果最好;地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖和灌木覆盖都能提高地表湿度,其中地膜覆盖前期保湿效果最好,后期则低于清耕处理;地膜覆盖的土壤水分散失最慢最少,秸秆覆盖和枝叶覆盖次之,灌木覆盖的水分散失最快最多。

Taking soil as testing object, the effects of different surface mulching patterns （clean tillage, plastic film mulch, straw mulch, litter mulch and shrub mulch） on soil properties have been studied. The results showed that the five surface mulching patterns all had influences on the soil properties under the condition of high temperature. With the patterns of clean tillage and plastic film mulch, the ground temperature were raised and was the fastest-growing and the largest increase;with the patterns of straw mulch, litter mulch and shrub mulch, the ground temperature lowed down and the cooling effect of shrub cover was the best;the patterns of plastic film mulch, straw mulch, litter mulch and shrub mulch all can improve the surface humidity, of them, the plastic film mulch in the earlier stage had the best moisturizing effect, later was lower than clean cultivation;the soil moisture loss covered with plastic film mulch had the least decrease in later stage and that of straw mulch and litter mulch were the next in turn, that of shrub mulch evaporated fastest and greatest.