聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯共混膜防水透气织物的制备及其性能

Preparation and characterization of polyurethane /polyvinylidene fluoride waterproof permeable composite fabric

采用静电纺制备聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯(PU/PVDF)共混纳米膜,探索共混膜的优化制备工艺。通过静电喷射法将聚氨酯湿气固化胶喷于涤纶基布表面,再以优化的静电纺工艺将共混纤维喷于含胶涤纶织物上,测试复合织物防水透气等性能。结果表明:共混膜的优化制备工艺为静电纺电压14 kV、接收距离10 cm、纺丝液质量分数12%、溶剂DMF与丙酮体积比4/6、溶质PU与PVDF的质量比7/3;胶黏剂在涤纶织物表面呈微米级点状或块状,当其质量分数为40%时,膜与基布黏结牢度高,透气性好,复合织物随膜厚度增加,其抗湿性相差不大,耐静水压值、透气性、断裂伸长率有所降低,但断裂强力有很大提高。

Polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride （PU/PVDF） nanofibrous membranes were suceesstully prepared by electrospinning, and the optimized preparation process of PU/PVDF membranes was explored. After that, the membrane and polyester cloth were pressed together by spraying one-component polyurethane adhesive of optimum concentration through electrospinning, and the resulting eomposite＇s waterproofness, permeability and other performances were investigated. The results showed that the optimum process parameters for electrospinning of PU/PVDF membrane were： the mass ratio of solution of PU/PVDF of 7/3, voltage of 14 kV, traveling distance of 10 cm, mas fraction of 12% and volume ratio of component solvents of DMF/acetone of 4/6. The distribution of adhesive appeared as micron spot or block on the surface of polyester cloth. In addition, its cohesiveness and breathability were better when the mass fraction of adhesive was about 40%. With the increase of thickness of PU membranes, the waterproof values, permeability and breaking elongation of the composite fabric were worse, while its breaking strength was better, and it had a similar moisture resistance to PU/PVDF membranes.