缘人:日本人论的方法论透析——从心理人类学到心理文化学

An Analysis of the Methodology of“the Yuan-jen" in Japanese Studies:from Psychological Anthropology to Psycho-culturology

缘人是日本人基本人际状态的模型。它分为集团、社会交换、情感控制的文化机制、自我认知等四个维度。初始集团是以父子关系占优势地位,母子关系占亚优势地位;次级集团是以家元为典型,缘约原理为运作方式;社会交换模式是好意优先型;情感控制的文化机制是抑制型;自我认知是自他协调型,由此构成一个整体人模型。尚会鹏把中国人、美国人、印度教徒和日本人的基本人际状态命名为伦人、极致个人、阶序人和缘人,以基本人际状态为中心,重组、创建了心理文化学的理论体系,力图解决许烺光心理人类学的根本问题。滨口惠俊提出的间人主义只是做了许烺光心理人类学的日本化工作,理论创新是缺位的,尚会鹏则对理论内核进行了升级,提出一个全新的研究范式。

The Yuan - jen is defined as a model of Japanese human relations. It is categorized as four dimensions such as groups, social exchange, cultural mechanism of emotional control and self- recognition. In the primary group, the Father - child relations are the dominant relationship and the Mother- child relations are the sub- dominant. In the secondary group, ＂Iemoto＂ is the typical organization and ＂Kin- tract＂ is the basic working principle. The social exchange is well- intentioned priority type. The cultural mechanism of emotional control is suppression type. The self - cognition is coordination type. All those constitute a complete model for ＂the whole Jen＂. Prof. Shang Huipeng named basic types of human relations of Chinese, American, Hindus and Japanese respectively as the lun- jin, the ultimate individual, the hierarchy individual and the yuan -jen,so as to restructure the system of Psycho - culturology theory and solve the fundamental problem of psychological anthropology raised by Prof. Francis L. K. Hsu. The work of Prof. Eshun Hamaguchi should be seen as the Japanization of Prof. Hsu＇ s psychological anthropology, lacking in theoretical innovation. On the contrary, the work of Prof. Shang Huipeng contributes to the upgrading of theoretical essence and the building of a new paradigm.