基于景观要素的建筑设计——以采煤塌陷区建筑设计为例

The Architecture Design Based on the Landscape Elements: Taking the Architectural Design of Subsidence Area for Example

建筑与人、建筑与城市、建筑与自然这三种关系一直是建筑设计的核心内容。在建筑设计过程中,建筑与自然之间关系的探讨需要通过"场地分析"完成,而其中的"自然环境"往往会影响设计成果。在很多特殊区域,设计需要借助对地质、地貌、水文、植被等景观要素的分析完成。采煤塌陷区是工业化进程中人类活动与自然环境矛盾冲突的产物,作为研究对象,可以较好地演示基于景观要素的建筑设计策略与方法,基地自身的"缺陷"可能会成为建筑空间组织的原点:建筑概念、结构、形态、空间组织均来自景观要素。

The relationships between architecture and people, architecture and urban, architecture and nature is the soul of architectural design. In the architectural design process, the study of relationship between architecture and nature needs ＂Site Analysis＂（mapping）, and ＂natural environment＇＂ tends to affect the design results. In many special areas, the design needs the analysis of geology, geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation and other landscape elements. Coal mining subsidence area is the product of the conflicts between human activities and the natural environment in the process of industrialization, As the research object, coat mining subsidence area can be a good study object to demonstrate architectural design strategies and methods based on landscape elements, and ＂shortcomings＇＂ of the site has become origin of architectural space organization： architectural concepts, structure, morphology, spatial organization are all from the landscape elements.