摘要
Discussions on Marx＇s ＂Asiatic mode of production＂ are essentially about the relationship between the universal and the particularistic view of history. Marx adhered to the world history position, but in the course of formulating his theory of the Asiatic mode of production he moved from universal history to a particularistic view of history; whereas the shift from the ＂Russian path＂ and ＂Russian way＂ provided by the Russian revolution to Stalin＇s doctrine of the ＂five forms＂ of social development represented a return from particularistic to universal history. In developing a Chinese view of history, three elements cannot be overlooked： the Chinese pattern of historical development and China＇s present development experience; Marx＇s theory of social forms and his thoughts on Oriental society in his later years; and the ＂Russian path＂ and ＂systemic transformation＂ launched by the October Revolution.
关于马克思"亚细亚生产方式"的讨论,实质是普遍史观和特殊史观的关系问题。马克思立足于世界历史的视角,对亚细亚生产方式的思考和建构,经历了一个从普遍史观到特殊史观的过程;而从俄国革命所提供的"俄国道路"与"俄国方式"到斯大林的社会发展"五形态说",恰恰经历了一个从特殊史观到普遍史观的回归。在建构中国史观的过程中,中国历史发展模式和现实发展经验、马克思社会形态理论和晚年东方社会思想以及俄国十月革命所开启的"俄国道路"和"体制嬗变"是三个不可或缺的重要元素。
