改革的顶层设计要从所有制做起

The Top Design of the Reform should Start from the System of Ownership

我国最成功的改革是在农村,成功在于对土地集体所有制范围内农民个人所有权的确认,它是马克思重建个人所有制要求的实现。集体的所有权由联合起来的个人共同行使,体现为公有制,具体占有、使用或消费时,所有权平等地落实到集体中的每一个个人身上,体现为个人所有制。随着生产力水平的提高,土地不适宜分散经营时,仍然应当切实尊重集体范围内每一个农民平等的土地个人所有权,允许他们以出租或入股的方式,参与土地的规模经营或高效开发利用以分享收益。一切商业用地都不应改变土地的集体所有制性质,"土地财政"实际是对农民土地财产和稳定收益的掠夺。城市改革要从真正的政企分开、政资分离做起,区分两种不同的国企和事业单位,由代表全体人民利益的国资委外派董事、监事,实施不同的管理监督方式,充分发挥企事业单位职代会、工会的民主管理作用。集体控股的企业,集体应派出代表,担任董事、监事,与企业职代会、工会共同参与管理监督。没有公有财产参与的企业,应尽可能地让职工个人拥有股份,建立工人自己的工会,通过现代企业制度和治理结构切实维护劳动者的合法权益。

One the most successful reform of China is in the countryside, success lies in the affirmation of the individual farmers＂ ownership within the scope of collective land ownership, it is the implementation of Marx＇s requirement for rebuilding individual ownership. Collective ownership exercises by the combined personal together, in the form of public ownership, possession, use or consumption, equal to the collective ownership of each person, embodied in individual ownership. With the improvement of productivity level, when the land is not suitable for the separate management, we still should be truly respect the equality of every farmer individual ownership within the scope of collective land, allowing them to participate in scale operation or efficient development and utilization of the land in the way of rent or stake to share the benefits. All commercial land should do not change the nature of collective ownership of land, ＂land finance＂ is the depredations of farmers＂ land property and stable earnings actually. Urban reform should start from the real separating government functions from enterprises management, we should separate and distinguish between two different types of state-owned enterprises and public institutions, by representing the interests of all the people＇s state-owned assets supervision and administration commission expatriate directors, supervisors, and implement different ways of management supervision, give full play to the democratic management of the enterprises and institutions of workers＂ congress and trade unions. Enterprises with no public property should let worker individual shares as far as possible, set up workers own union, through the modern enterprise system and governance structure to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers.