驱油用芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成与性能评价

Preparation and Activities of Erucyl Amidopropyl Carboxyl Betaine

以芥酸、N，N-二甲基-1，3-丙二胺与氯乙酸钠为原料，经过酰胺化、季铵化两步反应，合成了芥酸酰胺丙基羧基甜菜碱EBC。使用FTIR、MS对酰胺中间体EA和甜菜碱产物EBC的结构进行了表征。评价了甜菜碱EBC的表界面性能、吸附特性和增黏性。结果表明，该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为1．02×10～mol／L，对应的表面张力TCMC为29．60mN／m；最小烷烃碳数（nmin）为16；无碱条件下，EBC与大庆和苏丹油田原油达到1014—10^-3mN／m数量级的超低界面张力，m（EBC）：m（DABS）=8：2，复配体系质量分数0．001％-0．20％与长庆马岭油田原油达到超低界面张力，界面性能优异，且抗稀释能力强；该表面活性剂在天然油砂上的吸附量为0．07—0．51mg／g砂，小于1．0mg／g砂的指标要求；而且具有明显的增黏性能。甜菜碱EBC可作为较理想的驱油用表面活性剂应用于化学复合驱。

Erucyl amidopropyl carboxyl betaine EBC was prepared from erucic acid, N, N-dimethyl-1,3- propanediamine, and sodium chloroacetate. The structures of erucyl amide EA and betaine product EBC were analyzed by FFIR and MS. Surface/Interface activities, adsorption characteristic and viscosifying capability of this surfaetant were evaluated. The CMC of betaine EBC was 1.02 x 10-5 tool/L, and its corresponding YCMC was 29.60 mN/m. The minimum carbon number of this betaine was 16. Under alkali-free conditions,uhralow interfacial tensions in the 10-4 -10-3 mN/m magnitude were reached for betaine EBC with crude oil of Daqing and Sudan oilfields. In the content range of 0. 001%- 0. 20% , the interfacial tension between m（ EBC ）：m （DABS） = 8：2, combined formulation and crude oil of Changqing oilfield reached uhralow magnitude, showing excellent interfacial activity and strong anti- dilution capability. The adsorption on natural core sand of EBC was in 0. 07 - 0.51 mg/g sand range, less than the evaluation criteria of 1.0 mg/g. In addition, the solutions of this betaine exhibited good viscosifying capability. Erucyl amidopropyl carboxyl betaine EBC can be used as a suitable oil- displacement surfactant in combined chemical flooding.