地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

Application and Development of Full Waveform Inversion Research in the Seismic Exploration

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。

Firstly, this paper gives a simple review of the research of full waveform inversion （FWI） which emerged in the 80＇ s of the 20th century. Aimed at the increasingly quantitative and precision requirement of the seismic exploration, a viewpoint is proposed in this paper that FWI should combine with other data processing steps or techniques in the future. In terms of the data processing of seismic exploration or from the standpoint of the final geological interpretation, a combination with other data process steps or techniques would be the devel- opment trend of FWI. Finally, author holds a discussion about the development of FWI, especially focusing on the key problems of FWI research, including the seismic wavefield modeling, inversion initial velocity model picking, object function style selecting, optimization algorithm choosing and its application in the anisotropic me- dium. By using Laplace FWI to obtain inversion-based initial velocity model, making full use of the advantages of combining the wave equation method which benefited from parallel computing and ray tracing to simulate the seismic wavefield, and selecting the form of inversion objective function and optimization algorithm flexibly to update velocity model parameters, it could be concluded that the practical use of FWI will be accelerated greatly, especially its application in the anisotropic medium.