关于西部大开发中“天保工程”的若干理论与政策问题

Some Problems in the Protection of Natural Forest in the West Development

本文提出并论证了以下观点 :①不能把“天保工程”仅仅理解成生态工程 ,它可以也必须成为富民富县的重大工程之一 ;②“天保工程”的实施应把传统计划经济条件下自上而下的政府组织方式 ,转变成以农民为主体的自下而上的多方协作过程 ;③不能忽视村民集体林地所有权和使用权 ,应尽快赋予造林者 1 0 0年不变且有法律保障的林地权属 ;④重视并运用正确方法解决林区农民的返贫及其生存发展问题 ;⑤森工由“砍树人变为管树人、造树人”后 ,理顺和设计新的森林管理体制是当务之急 ;⑥现行的检查、自查和互查难以监测评估出真实信息 ,推广与普及农民参与式快速监测评估 (PRA)势在必行。

This paper expresses the following points: the Protection Project for Natural Forest should not only be a biological project, but also be a priority industry to help farmers′ welfare; the conduct of the project should be from bottom to up replacing the traditionally from up to down; the ownership right and using right should be endowed to farmers as possible as soon with laws; the project′ focus should be on the problems of farmers′ poverty and development; the best important matter is to create a new system for state run forest enterprises; the Participation Research Approach method(PRA) should be populated in the project.