摘要
美国威明顿油田是一个高孔隙度的多油层背斜断块油田 ,油田开发后没有进行早期注水 ,导致地表下沉。 1936年油田投产后 ,195 1年产量达到高峰值 ,195 8年地表下沉面积波及 5 1 8km2 。下沉中心幅度达到 8 85m左右。由于地表下沉 ,港口被海水淹没 ,铁道扭曲、断裂 ,公路桥梁产生裂缝和错动 ,建筑物遭损。 195 9年进行大规模注水 ,到 196 6年注水见到明显效果 ,几乎整个沉陷区已被稳住 ,并得以回升。威明顿油田地下构造复杂 ,每个断块和油层都由不同的公司开采。只有这些公司联合起来才能实施大规模注水的计划 ,并根据加利福尼亚州专门法规签定合法的协议。油田地表下沉制服后 ,油田新区东威明顿油田长滩人工岛才开始投入钻井开发 ,这是由四个人工岛组成的开发区 ,岛名以美国几个宇航员的姓名来命名 ,岛内油水井均为斜井、丛式井。以当时美国的高新技术开发建设。长滩人工岛表面看起来不像一个油田 ,而像设在热带岛屿中的一组高层建筑、旅游区。
The deposit of Wilmington Oil Field of USA is featured with high perceatage of porosity,more oil layers and anticlinal fault blocks.The oil field was put into operation in 1936 and reached its top production in 1951.Because of no earlier water injection,surfure subsidence began since 1958.Subsidence area covered 51 8km 2 with a speed at the centre of 8 85m.The subsidence brought results that port was inundated,railway was twisted or broken,highway bridges were cracked or shifted and buildings were damaged.From 1959 on,large scale water injection began which brought effect since 1996—the subsidence stopped and the surface began accordingly to rise. The undergroud tectonics of Wilmington Oil Field is very complicated.Different fault blocks and oil layers are mined by different companies.The large scale water injection was realizable after these companies have signed legal agreement to take concerted actions. After the subsidence stopped,drilling of new oil wells began in the new mining area of East Wilmington,at 4 man made Long Beach Islands.Thanks to modern technology of USA,the new mining area looks not like a oil field but more than a touristry attraction in a tropical island zone with beautiful tall buildings.
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2000年第5期14-19,共6页
China Mining Magazine
