副词义项划分的标准及实例分析

The Criteria of Dividing of Meanings of Adverb and the Case Analasis

现阶段对多义副词进行义项划分时,对外部形式标准重视不够。意义的差异可以表现在形式上,这使得外在形式可以成为划分义项的标准。这些标准包括句重音、替换、共现词等。"还"的不变义的形式标准为:重音可在"还";能用"仍然"替换;语用上突出一个前推的同质预设。以"仍然"这一替换词进行测试,证明了"还"存在与不变义相区别的重复义。勉强算作义与低标准比较义在与"比"、"点儿"、"算"等词的共现上都表现出差异。

The scholars do not pay sufficient attention to the form criteria when they divide the meanings of an empty word. The fact that the differences between two meanings of a polysemous empty word are often related to the distinction of external grammatical form makes it possible that the forms can be used as the criteria of deviding the meaning . The external criteria conclude substitution, stress, co - occurrence and presupposition etc. The distinguishing features of the meaning of ＂maintain＂ are ： 1. Sentence stress is on ＂hal＂ ; 2. ＂reng ran （仍然）＂ can be substituted for ＂hai＂ ; 3. It emphasizes the presupposition that the action has already happened before. The existence of the meaning of iterative of ＂hai＂ have been proved by substitution. The meaning of ＂amount to＂ and the meaning of ＂low standard＂ differ from each other on the co -occurrence with ＂bi＂ （比） ＂dian＇ er＂（点儿） ＂suan＂ （算）.