《校雠通义》与章学诚的义例观

GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF COLLATION AND ZHANG XUECHENG'S STYLISTIC THEORY

章学诚《校雠通义》一书的重点在于论校雠、目录之学,其中申述的关于义例学的观念与《文史通义》一书有着整体的关系。《校雠通义》的义例观包含两层含义:第一层在于《校雠通义》的相关评说体现的关于史著的义例观,第二层在于这种义例观投射在本书的写作上,以其书的自成一体体现出来。章学诚的义例观始终围绕着史书编撰的宗旨与体例展开,《校雠通义》一书充分体现了他"辨章源流"的思想,在论史学、史传、史述、史意的各个环节中,他都强调对源流的清晰把握,并采取了会通贯穿、由博返约的学术方法。作为一部旨在于接续古代校雠学经典的专著,《校雠通义》寓含着"本末兼该,部次相从"的义例观,力图在"洞析幽渺"的基础上摧陷廓清,充分体现了史家的眼光与识断。

General Principle of Collation（《校雠通义》）, written by Zhang Xuecheng, mostly concentrate on the study of collation and bibliography. The stylistic theory of this work has great relationship with General Principle of Literature and Histor）. （《文史通义》）, Zhang Xuecheng＇s another famous book. The stylistic theory includes two layers of meaning. One is the writer＇s attitude to the style of history books, the other is the own structure which is benefit from the stylistic attitude. This piece of work fully embodies the theory of “differentiate and analyze the origin and evolution” of Zhang Xuecheng. He proposed to seize the origin and evolution in every session of history, as well as to adopt the method of erudition to conciseness, which contains the stylistic theory of “combining the beginning and the end, content continues the above”. This classic piece of work fully reflects the insight and the judgment of a real scholar of history.