综合性过敏性休克实验教学模式的创立

Construction of an integrated experimental anaphylactic shock model

目的提高过敏性休克实验的教学效果,深化学生对速发型超敏反应发生机制的认识。方法以豚鼠为实验动物,以小牛血清为致敏原,由学生亲自进行过敏性休克激发前致敏注射和动物激发试验,采用肾上腺素和地塞米松对过敏性休克豚鼠进行抢救并观察过敏性休克动物病理解剖特点,采用酶联免疫吸附试验和肥大细胞脱颗粒试验探讨过敏性休克的发生机制。结果豚鼠致敏后再次用相同变应原注射可诱发豚鼠产生典型的过敏性休克症状,迅速采用肾上腺素和地塞米松注射可有效缓解豚鼠过敏症状,致敏豚鼠体内IgE含量较对照组明显升高,致敏豚鼠血清可诱导显著的肥大细胞脱颗粒反应,脱颗粒细胞百分比达(67±16)%。结论综合性过敏性疾病实验教学新模式可增强学生的学习兴趣,促进学生创新意识和综合分析问题、解决问题的能力。

Objective To improve the effectiveness of anaphylactic shock experiment and enhance undergraduates＇ understanding of mechanism related with immediate hypersensitivity. Methods The students themselves primed guinea pigs by using bovine serum, and then sensitized the primed animals and observed symptoms and signs of anaphylactic shock. Epinephrine and dexam- ethasone were used to rescue the sensitized animals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and mast cell degranulation test were used to elucidate the mechanism of anaphylactic shock. Results Typical anaphylactic shock symptoms were easily induced by repeat allergen injection. Epi- nephrine and dexamethasone alleviated anaphylactic shock. The amount of IgE in primed guinea pigs was higher than that in control animals and the primed serum could induce considerable mast cell degranulation. Conclusion Integrated experimental anaphylaxis shock model including prim- ing injection, activation injection, therapy and macroscopy of guinea pigs can improve students＇ interest of study and plays a certain role in cultivating studentsrinnovative skills and comprehen- sive abilities.