重庆市农村居民慢性病相关生活方式研究

Study on lifestyle related to non-communicable diseases among rural residents in Chongqing

目的了解农村居民吸烟、饮酒、膳食、身体活动等慢性病相关生活行为方式,为开展农村地区慢性病防控提供建议。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法在万州区、大足区、綦江区与奉节县抽取农村居民进行面对面的问卷调查,数据经Epidata 3.02双录入后采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析,采用卡方检验比较不同性别人群吸烟、饮酒、身体活动情况。结果共计调查1 528人,农村居民现在吸烟率为22.51%,42.28%的农村居民有被动吸烟史。过去12个月内饮酒率为22.84%,居民膳食以米面为主,蔬菜水果摄入达到《中国居民膳食指南》推荐标准,奶制品(21.47%)食用比例较低。44.31%的居民有高强度的劳动,68.52%的居民有中等强度的劳动,休闲时分别有2.55%与6.68%的居民有高强度与中等强度的体育活动,每天静态生活的时间为3 h。结论农村居民吸烟率与饮酒率较高,存在膳食不合理与身体活动不足的情况,应针对农村地区慢性病相关危险因素开展干预。

Objective To understand health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol-use, diet and physical activity among rural residents so as to provide suggestion for the prevention and control for non-communicable diseases （NCD） in rural area. Methods Cluster random sampling method and structured questionnaire method were applied in Wanzhou District, Dazhu District, Fengjie County and Qijiang District. Data input entered into Epidata3.02, and analyzed by SPSS 12.0. Difference of smoking, alcohol use and physical activity was compared by Chi-square test. Results A total of 1 528 residents were interviewed. The rate of smoking at present was 22. 51%. 42. 28% of rural residents experienced passive smoking. The rate of alcohol- use among rural residents in the past 12 months was 17.54%. The major diet of rural residents in Chongqing was rice and pork. Fruit and vegetable intake reached the recommended standard of the Guidance of Chinese Nutrition. The proportion of milk intake （21.47%） was low. 44. 31% and 68. 52% of rural residents had high intensity and moderate intensity labor. While 2. 55% and 6.68% of rural residents participated in high intensity and moderate intensity physical activity during leisure time. The average sedentary behavior time was 3 hours. Conclusions The proportion of smoking and alcohol-use was high among rural residents. Unreasonable diet and insufficient physical activity existed among rural residents. Intervention should be targeted to risk factors to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases.