日本公共财政资助私立高等教育的政策变革探析

Analysis of Japan's Policy Change on Public Finance Subsidy for Private Higher Education

二战后,日本公共财政资助政策促进了私立高等教育的快速发展。其公共财政资助政策先后经历了资助政策论证时期、机会均等和倾斜资助结合时期以及绩效资助时期,不同历史时期财政资助政策的目标、力度和方法差异性较大。公共财政资助政策论证时期从法律上确定了私立高等教育的公共性社会属性,资助政策以提供低息贷款的间接资助为主,辅以少量直接资助;机会均等和倾斜资助结合时期以提供经常性经费直接资助为主,倾斜资助特征明显,主要目的在于引导和扶持私立高等教育的快速发展,促使私立高校承担教育大众化的主体任务;绩效资助时期通过引入市场机制和建立评估机制,凸显出绩效资助的特点,重视优质私立高校和尖端科研发展。研究日本公共财政资助私立高等教育政策的演变历程,对进一步健全我国公共财政资助民办高等教育政策具有一定的借鉴意义。

Since World War Ⅱ, public finance subsidy policy has promoted the rapid development of private higher education in Japan .It has undergone policy argument , equal and inclined subsidy , and performance related subsidy periods .There exist large differences in the objective , intensity and method of the subsidy policy in different historical periods .The argumentation period of the public finance subsidy policy determined the public social attribute of private higher education in law , and the assistance was mainly in the form of low-interest loan with a small amount of direct subsidy .In the equal and inclined subsidy period , the gov-ernment mainly provided regular funds and had the distinctive characteristic of inclined subsidy .In the performance related subsi-dy period, the policy highlighted the performance related funding and attached importance to high quality private universities and the development of cutting-edge research .The study of the relevant policy in Japan is of significance to improve the public finance subsidy policy for private higher education in China .