对人类学研究田野调查中参与观察法的理解与思考

Understanding and Thought of Participant Observation Method in Field Work on Anthropology

参与观察法是田野调查的最基本方法,而田野调查是人类学研究和民族学研究的重要内容和途径。可以说,脱离了田野工作的人类学和民族学研究是没有个别访谈或缺少实地田野资料作为支撑的"安乐椅"式的理论研究,而没有参与观察法在田野调查中的运用,田野调查也不能成为人类学和民族学研究中的重要内容。这三者之间存在着相互作用、互为依托的密切关系。

Participant observation method is the most basic method of field work, while the field survey is an important part of the study of anthropology and ethnology, that is, the ethnology and anthropology without field work is the theory research without support of individual interview or lack of the data on field work. The field survey also cannot become the important content in the study of anthropology and ethnology without the application of participant observation method. There is interaction between the above three aspects.