中国超级杂交稻组合的稻米品质分析

Analysis on Milled Rice Quality of Super Hybrid Rice Combinations in China

为评价超级杂交稻的米质，利用中国近年育成的49份超级杂交稻组合分析了10项米质性状及其优质达标率.结果表明，超级杂交稻10项米质性状的优质达标率为34．7％～100％，平均81．4％.其中，糙米率、精米率、整精米率、糊化温度、胶稠度和糙米蛋白质含量的优质达标率超过89％；广占63S、天丰 A 和培矮64S 所配组合具有较低垩白粒率和垩白度，较长（软）胶稠度和较低直链淀粉含量；两系超级杂交稻在垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量上比三系超级杂交稻稍优.另一方面，整体上我国超级杂交稻的垩白粒率和垩白度仍偏高，优质达标率也较低.讨论了超级杂交稻米质改良的重点.

To evaluate recent milled rice quality of the super hybrid rice in China,ten grain quality traits and their superior quality rates of 49 super rice hybrids have been analyzed.The results showed that the average superior quality rates of the ten grain traits of the tested super rice hybrids were 81 .4%,ranging from 34.7% to 100%.Among which, the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,gelatinization temperature,gel consistency and brown rice protein content had higher superior quality rates （〉89%）.The super hybrids derived from the male sterile lines Guangzhan 63S,Tianfeng A or Peiai 64S had lower chalky grain percent,chalkiness degree and amylose content,as well as softer gel consistency.In general,the two-line super hybrids showed lower chalky grain percent,chalkiness degree and amylose content,as compared with the three-line super hybrids.It was noticed that the tested super rice hybrids showed not only higher chalky grain percent（44.9%）and chalkiness degree（9.7%）,but also lower superior quality rates（34.7% and 5 1 .0%）.The emphasis of improving rice quality for super hybrid rice was discussed.