试谈卡尔·考茨基的思想演变历程

A preliminary discussion: the development of Karl Kautsky's theory

考茨基作为第二国际理论权威,对他的马克思主义理论不能进行一刀切式地理解。本文将其思想历程分为前马克思主义、马克思主义和非正统马克思主义三个时期来考察。这种划分是相对的,因为考茨基的思想终生都受达尔文主义等的影响,并且其思想特点犹豫不决一直贯穿其一生,就算当考茨基演变为非正统马克思主义之后,我们也不能简单地断定他的理论观点在一切方面都具有反马克思主义的性质。

As the leading theoretician of the Second International, Kautsky should not be simply viewed as the renegade of Marxism. In this article, the development of Kautsky’s theory was presented in three stages：pre-Marxism, Orthodoxy Marxism, and Unorthodoxy Marxism. Indeed, these stages are relative. Accompanied in all his life, on the one hand, Darwinism and ambiguity are characteristics of Kautsky’s theory. On the other hand, Kautsky’s theory should not to regarded as absolutely anti-Marxism even after his view carried the reformism implication.