中山市2006—2013年新发尘肺病例发病特征分析

Pathogenic characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in Zhongshan City,2006-2013

目的研究中山市2006--2013年新发尘肺病例发病特点，为制定尘肺病的预防控制对策提供依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制中心职业病网络直报系统中2006--2013年中山市的新发尘肺病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果8年共报告新发尘肺病例136例，全部为男性，壹期尘肺72例（52．94％，72／136），贰期46例（33．82％，46／136），叁期18例（13．24％，18／136）；发病年龄为（41．10±6．14）岁（30．67～57．50岁），发病接尘工龄（5．78±3．13）年（1．0～13．0年）。尘肺病的种类主要是矽肺（86．03％，117／136）。尘肺发病工种主要为工厂其他工种（42．65％，58／136）和爆破工（31．62％，43／136）；发病行业分布以非金属矿采选业（44．12％，60／136）和制造业（19．85％，27／136）为主；病例所在企业类型以小型企业为主（70．59％，96／136）。尘肺病例分布于全市15个区镇，以南朗镇（36．03％，49／136）、市区（19．12％，26／136）和三乡镇（17．65％，24／136）为主。尘肺合并肺结核率3．68％（5／136）。结论2006--2013年中山市新发尘肺病以矽肺病为主，病例以青壮年为主，且发病工龄短。粉尘危害预防控制重点为非金属矿采选业和制造业的小型企业。

Objective To study the pathogenic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Zhongshan City and provide basis for prevention and control measures for pneumoconiosis. Methods Descriptive epi- demiological method was used to analyze data collected from Chinese CDC occupational disease network re- porting system from 2006 to 2013. Results A total of 136 cases of pneumoconiosis （all male） were repor- ted in 8 years, of which 72 cases were in pneumoconiosis stage I （52. 94% , 72/136） , 46 cases in stage II （33.82%, 46/136）, and 18 cases in stage III （13.24%, 18/136）; age of onset was （41.10 ± 6. 14） years （mean ±SD） （range, 30. 67 -57.50 years）; the dust exposure time was （5.78 ±3.13） years （range, 1.0 - 13.0 years）. The main type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis （86.03% , 117/136）. The main types of work relating pneumoconiosis were other types （42. 65% , 58/136） and blaster （31.62% , 43/136）. The industry distribution was mainly the non metal mining industry （44. 12% , 60/136） and manufacturing （ 19.85% , 27/136）. Small enterprises were the main type of business （70. 59% , 96/136）. Pneumoconiosis cases were distributed in 15 towns （districts） , and the top three towns were Nanlang （36. 03% , 49/136） , Urban （19. 12% , 26/136） , and Sanxiang （17.65% , 24/136）. The rate of pneu- moeoniosis complicated with tuberculosis was 3.68% （5/136）. Conclusion Clinical features of pneumo- coniosis were characterized by most cases with silicosis, onset at middle ages, and short length of service in Zhongshan City from 2006 to 2013. Small non metal mining and manufacturing industries were key enterpri-ses for prevention and control of dust hazards.