试论乡土建筑作为文化寻根的重要途径

Exploring an Important Approach to Seek Vernacular Architecture for the Cultural Root

持续高烧的"文化寻根"不是"寻根文学"所膜拜的西方现代主义,全球化促使"文化寻根"正视家谱学尤其姓氏学,只有走进真正的乡土建筑中才能寻见"文化"之"根"。以祠堂(含牌坊)、庙观、戏台为代表的乡土建筑是中国传统文化中乡土意识"物"的凝固,印证着宗族、宗法、忠孝节义、仁义礼智等儒家道统,是根深蒂固的祖先崇拜之有形外化。乡土建筑存留家谱,镌刻姓氏,因"土"而"乡",最具中国性与中国质,破浪于国际传播之潮头。文化寻根必须摈弃"他者"的旁观视点,唤醒文化自觉,捍卫中华民族的文化安全,建构国家文化战略。

＂Cultural-Root Seeking＂, one of the trending topics, is differentiated from ＂root-seeking litera- ture＂ which worships the western modernism. Unlike the assimilation resulting from globalization, cultural- root seeking pays high attention to genealogy and anthroponomy, and believes that the ＂cultural root＂ can be palpably found in real vernacular architectures. The sense of native soil in Chinese traditional culture tends to be materialized as kinds of vernacular architecture such as the ancestral hall, the honorific arch, the temple complex, the drama stage and the like. Theses buildings verify the Confucian orthodoxy like the clansman, the patriarchal clan system, the four commandments （loyalty, filial piety, chastity, and righteousness） and the four cardinal virtues （humanity, justice, propriety, and wisdom）, which is the externalization of deep- rooted ancestralism. Vernacular architectures, coupled with conserved genealogy and engraved family names, are locative and of Chinese characteristics, hence taking the lead in international communication. The paper thinks that for the sake of cultural-root seeking it is essential to abandon the opinion of the other and bystand- ers, to awaken our cultural consciousness, to defend China＇s cultural security, and to construct the national cultural strategy.