铝球超高速撞击铝板反溅碎片云团辐射特性研究

Study on radiation characteristics of ricochet debris cloud from aluminum plate subjected to hypervelocity impacts by aluminum projectile

通过超高速撞击试验，获得了铝球撞击铝板反溅粒子云团在250～340nm波段的辐射特征光谱。在该波段辨认出铝原子的六条特征谱线，并对其伴线进行了解耦。根据所测光谱数据，使用多谱线法测量出不同撞击条件下的超高速撞击反溅粒子云团的温度，发现超高速撞击反溅粒子云团温度随弹丸直径和撞击速度的增加而增加；相较弹丸直径，反溅粒子云团温度对撞击速度更加敏感；最后拟合出反溅粒子云团温度与撞击参数之间的经验公式。对每条谱线波峰和整个波段分别进行了积分，研究发现谱线波峰积分强度、整个波段积分强度均与弹丸动能呈线性关系，并获得了谱线波峰积分强度与撞击动能之间的斜率系数，该系数可以表征在超高速撞击条件下该峰值的辐射效率。最后结合所得超高速撞击反溅粒子云团温度经验公式推导出基态原子数与撞击参数之间的关系，在此基础上探讨了超高速撞击反溅粒子云团原子离化率、气化率与撞击参数的关系。

The atomic emission spectrum of ricochet debris cloud, which was from aluminum plate subjected to hypervelocity impact by aluminum projectile, was obtained by transient spec troscopy during hypervelocity impact test. The waveband range of spectrum which achieved in the test was 250-340nm. By analyzing the spectrum, six aluminum spectrum peaks were distin- guished from the emission spectrum and two coupling spectrum peaks were decoupled. With the aluminum spectrum constants and intensity of the six peaks, the ricochet debris cloud tempera- tures were diagnosed separately in different impact condition by using the multiple spectrum peaks method. It was found that the temperature would increase when the projectile diameter in creased and it would increase with the impact velocity increasing, too. By analyzing the test results of different projectile diameter, it was found that the ricochet debris cloud temperature was acutely sensitive to impact velocity. Based on the data achieved in the test, experiential formula describing relationships among ricochet debris cloud temperature, projectile diameter and impact velocity was obtained. Then the radiation characteristics of ricochet debris cloud were studied, every spectrum peak was integrated and the spectrum in the range of 250-340nm was integrated, too. It was found that the spectrum peaks integral, the waveband integral of 250-340nm and impact kinetic energy behave in a linear fashion. The slopes of the spectrum peaks integral to impact kinetic energy were obtained and it could be considered as the radiation efficiency of every spectrum peak in hypervelocity impact. Finally, taking the experiential formula of ricochet debris cloud temperature into consideration, the relation between atom number in the ground state and impact parameter was deduced. The relations among ionization rate, gasification rate and impact parameters were explored. The conclusions would provide technical support for the further studies of the particular cloud temperature produced by hyperveloeity impact and the impact parameters deducibility from impact radiation.