人体鼻咽部微生物群落多样性研究进展

Advances in the diversity of nasopharyngeal microbial communities

定殖于鼻咽部的微生物与人体始终处于动态生态平衡,对于维持人体健康发挥着重要作用,也与多种上呼吸道疾病的发生发展有密切关系。鼻咽部微生物之间及其与宿主之间的相互作用是引发人体上呼吸道疾病的重要因素。微生物的培养方法与分子生物学技术的结合使人们越来越深入地了解人体鼻咽部微生物群落的组成和结构。定殖于人体鼻咽部的微生物以肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)和流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae)等潜在致病菌为主。本文将分别从鼻咽部微生物与机体的平衡关系、鼻咽部微生物群落的研究方法以及鼻咽部微生物群落的组成及其相互关系三个方面,综述近年来鼻咽部微生物群落结构的相关研究进展,从而为指导实践提供可靠的理论依据。

The microbial flora located in human nasopharynx keeps a dynamic balance with the human body. It plays an important role in maintaining the human health, and related with various upper respiratory tract diseases. The relationship within nasopharynx microbes, and between microbes and host, is the key cause of human upper respiratory tract diseases. The development of culture-dependent and -independent molecular methods in microbial communities research provide a useful tool to learn more about the composition and structure of human nasopharyngeal microbial communities. It demonstrated that the dominant floras located in human nasopharynx were Streptococcus pneurnoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, which were considered as potential pathogens in nasopharynx. In this work, the development in nasopharyngeal microbial community research was reviewed in the following three aspects： the balance between nasopharyngeal microbe and the human body; method in nasopharyngeal microbial community research; and the composition of nasopharyngeal microbial community and the internal relationship among them. This review summarized the progress on this field for the reference of the future work.