上海市旅游饭店业效率时空分异及其影响因素分析

The Space and Time Differentiation of Shanghai Tourist Hotels Efficiency and its Factors Analysis

利用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)模型对上海市旅游饭店业效率进行研究,分析2001-2011年上海市各分区旅游饭店业的效率空间差异,探讨上海市旅游饭店业效率变化规律并解释原因,以期为该市旅游饭店业优化布局提供决策依据。结果表明:(1)2001-2011年间上海市旅游饭店各效率都有所上升,但存在不稳定性,需增强应对意外危机事件的预警系统;(2)中心城区旅游饭店整体效率明显高于郊区,其中规模效率中心城区低于郊区,技术效率中心城区高于郊区;(3)中心城区中黄浦、静安、普陀、杨浦和浦东新区旅游饭店效率偏高,徐汇、长宁、闸北和虹口区效率较低,存在拥挤、过度投资等问题,郊区中闵行、嘉定、青浦、金山和松江区的效率都较低,奉贤区和崇明县效率相对优化;(4)旅游饭店业效率受所在区域的区位条件、经济发展、旅游开发、政府政策、重大事件等多种因素影响。

Using the Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA）model to study the efficiency of the tourist hotels in Shanghai,the analysis of each partition space efficiency difference of Shanghai tourist hotels in 2001-2011investigates the rule of change and explains the reason,in order to provide decision-making basis for the city＇s tourist hotels industry optimization layout.The results indicate that：（1）Shanghai tourist hotels efficiency have increased form 2001to 2011,but the changes in efficiency exist instability. We must strengthen the early warning system against unexpected crisis;（2）On the whole,efficiency of downtown is significantly higher than that of the suburbs,the scale efficiency of downtown is lower than the suburbs and the technical efficiency of downtown is higher than that of the suburbs;（3）The central city Huangpu,Jing＇an,Putuo,Yangpu and Pudong new area have a higher efficiency,but the efficiency is lower in Xuhui,Changning,Zhabei and Hongkou district,and these places exist some problems like congestion,excessive investment.In the suburbs,Minhang,Jiading,Qingpu,Jinshan and Songjiang efficiency is low,relative to the efficiency optimization in Fengxian district and Chongming,the tourist hotels on the outskirts need to improve efficiency in general.（4）The efficiency of the tourist hotels were driven by the factors of geographic conditions,economic development,tourism development,the government policy and the events.