荆棘大道:改革开放前社会流动视角下中小学教师研究

A Broad Way Overgrown with Brambles:A Study of School Teachers from the Angle of Social Mobility prior to Reform and Openness

改革开放前,在遭受政治运动冲击方面,中小学教师是仅次于"四类分子"的最不幸的社会群体。造成这种情况的主要原因是在阶级斗争话语体系下,教育高度政治化,许多教师因为其家庭出身、个人经历而不受信任。虽然当教师具有高度政治风险,但是对广大草根文人来说,这是他们别无选择的出路,因此他们必须忍受不幸,同时当教师也是一条进入官场的通道,这也吸引部分人投身这一职业。

Prior to the reform and open-door policy,school teachers in China were ranked next to the landlords,rich peasants,counterrevolutionaries and'bad elements'as the most ill-fated social groups bearing the impacts of endless political campaigns. The major cause that led to the teachers' misfortune,this author argues,is the class struggle rhetoric in that period which politicized education and deprived many teachers of trustworthiness due to their family origins or personal experiences. Despite such high political risk,the mass intellectuals still took the teaching jobs because they simply had no other choices. Moreover,being a teacher might be a stepping stone for entrance into the officialdom-- an undeniable attraction to those who had political ambitions.