微型企业创业困境与扶持政策研究——基于三峡库区微型企业创业者的调研分析

Research on Entrepreneurship Predicament and Policy Support for Micro-enterprise ——Survey and Analysis Based on Micro-enterprise Entrepreneurs in Three Gorges Area

利用三峡库区230家微型企业调查数据,基于创业者视角探讨微型企业的创业困境及政策需求,研究表明:由于微型企业创业者主要为社会弱势群体,人力资本和社会资本都缺乏,加上金融机构贷款比例较低、创业资金缺乏和竞争激烈,微型企业创业者对创业扶持政策的需求较强烈。目前,有关政策主要从创业审批、创业培训、融资渠道、社会化服务体系建设等方面对微型企业创业给予扶持,基本符合微型企业创业者的政策需求;但是,从微型企业创业者的评价来看,政策实施效果较差,尤其是在农村地区的效果更差。应进一步完善促进微型企业创业的政策体系,并加强对政策实施的监管;加强规划和引导,完善促进微型企业创业的社会化服务体系;加强对微型企业创业、创新文化与政策的宣传,鼓励创业者积累各类社会资本。

Micro-enterprise entrepreneurship predicament and policy demand are discussed from the angle of entrepreneurs and by using the data of the survey on 230 micro-enterprise in Three Gorges Area, and the research shows that because the entrepreneurs for the micro-enterprise are mainly vulnerable social groups, because a micro- enterprise is short of human capital and social capital, because there is a low loan proportion of financial agencies to the micro-enterprise and because there are inadequate entrepreneurship funds and serious competition, the entrepreneurs for the micro-enterprise are intensely demanding entrepreneurship support policy. Presently, the related policies support the entrepreneurship for the micro-enterprise in the perspective of entrepreneurship approval, entrepreneurship training, financing channel, socialized service system construction and so on, which basically meets the demand of the entrepreneurs for the micro-enterprise, from the viewpoints of the entrepreneurs for the micro-enterprise, however, the support policy implementation effect is not good, the effect is worse in rural areas, as a result, China should further perfect and boost policy system for the micro-enterprise entrepreneurship, strengthen the supervision on the policy implementation, consolidate plan and guidance, perfect and boost the socialized service system for the micro-enterprise entrepreneurship, intensify the propaganda for entrepreneurship and innovative culture for the micro-enterprise entrepreneurship, and encourage the entrepreneurs to actively accumulate all kinds of social capital.