网络交易平台运营商垄断行为的政府规制

Research on Government Regulation of Monopoly of Online Trading Platform

随着现代信息技术的发展和消费者购物行为的变化,网络交易市场组织正在迅速崛起。由于网络交易平台具有显著的规模经济、范围经济、网络经济效益等自然垄断特性,在平台之间的市场竞争中出现了"一枝独秀"和"赢者通吃"的市场竞争格局,有可能会出现损害市场效率的垄断现象。这就需要政府通过政策或法规方式引入竞争性力量,抑制网络交易平台运营商利用垄断势力实施垄断行为的冲动。对网络交易平台实施政府规制,可考虑在维持网络交易平台垄断性业务的基础上,增强其所在产业领域内的可竞争性因素,即在其产业链上下游的可竞争性业务领域引入竞争机制,从而抑制其垄断行为的发生。借鉴西方发达国家在自然垄断产业相关环节内导入竞争性力量的基本思路,对网络交易平台实施政府规制主要包括端口接入规制、业务范围规制、网络互通规制、共同投资规制四类模式。这四种规制模式各有利弊,其政策实施的关键点(难点)与适用范围是不同的。

With the development of modern infor mation technology and the changing of consumer shopping behavior, online Trading Platforms （OTPs） are growing rapidly. OTP has remarkable natural monopoly characteristic of scale economy, scope economy and network economy, so it is appearing ＆quot;outshines others＆quot; and ＆quot;winner takes all＆quot; in competition among OTPs, and such phenomenon may damage the market efficiency. So the government should introduce more forces of competition and control the OTP operators’ behavior of monopoly. To implement government regulation of monopoly of OTP, we should enhance the competitive factors within their industrial fields where the OTPs located in based on the consideration of maintaining the monopoly business of OTP. We should learn from the basic ways of thinking of other advanced countries in introducing the competition mechanism to the competitive business fields in the up and down stream of industrial chain. There are four modes of government regulation of OTP, such as port access regulation, scope of business regulation, network interworking regulation and co-investment regulation. And because these modes have their own advantages and disadvantages, the key or difficult points and ranges of application in policy implementation are quite different.