黄金时代的挽歌:柏拉图颓废观念蠡测

Elegy of the Golden Age:An Inference on the Decadent Ideas of Plato

颓废作为普遍性的观念关涉政治、历史、文化等诸多面向。在中国思想文化场域中，颓废因溺陷于“去道德化”的伦理困境而殊难获得诗学正义和存在正当性的可能。近人王国维指出颓废面向曾以“眩惑”之美表之于中国传统审美文化，却因“不道德”的恶谥而遭致否定。

Unlike the tradition in Chinese thought and culture where decadency was repressed for its referential meaning of 'immorality',the classical meaning of decadency in the West mainly referred to a time sense of declination and a sense of fatalism.Plato was the first in the ancient Greek to reflect and construct an ontology of decadency from the perspective of metaphysics.Different from theological creationism,Plato distinguished the things being and the things becoming on the basis of rational and emotional confrontation,revealed from the philosophical point that the generation of the universe was based on his idealism,and finally elaborated the ontology of decadence from the relationship of eternity and time.Because of the universality of decadent culture,Plato's ontological argumentation of decadence,though,took Greek perspective,it has global significance.Plato's this kind of argumentation is responded critically in modern times,but it has weakened the sensibility of decadent consciousness because in this argumentation the subject is quiescent in the world of ideas.