中国进口商品结构及与贸易伙伴的关系研究

THE MARKET STRUCTURE OF CHINESE IMPORTS AND THE INTERDEPENDENCY BETWEEN CHINA AND TRADING PARTNERS

本文在对230种制成品按技术含量分类的基础上,利用最新的数据计算了中国进口技术结构的历史变迁与现状、19个国家和地区向中国的出口结构以及中国与贸易伙伴的相互依赖关系。研究结果表明:在1995—2011年期间,低技术含量制成品、中等技术含量制成品在中国进口中所占份额下降,初级制成品、资源型制成品、高技术含量制成品所占份额上升,高技术含量制成品早在2000年之前就超过中等技术含量制成品成为了中国第一大进口商品;不同类型国家及地区向中国出口的商品类型不同,它们在中国进口中的地位也不同;中国与日本、韩国、中国台湾之间的相互依赖关系都比较大,中国与美国、德国、法国、荷兰的相互依赖度比较小,中国进口对发展中大国、新兴发展中国家及地区的依赖程度都小于这些国家及地区出口对中国的依赖程度,中国是发展中大国、新兴发展中国家及地区的主要出口国。总的来说,中国对外贸易进口的发展具有共享性、包容性,不仅带动了发展中国家及地区的出口,还促进了发达国家的出口。

Based on 230 manufactured products, this paper measures the market structure of Chinese imports, and provides the comparative analysis of the interdependency among China and its 19 main trading partners. The results show that the share of low-technology and low-middle-technology manufactured goods in Chinese imports declines between 1995 and 2011, but the share of the high-technology manufactured goods increases to the largest share before 2000. The export dependence of the developing countries on China is larger than the import dependence of China on other countries. China is the main export coun- try of the deyeloping countries. The interdependence degree between China and countries in Asia dominates the interdependence degree between China and the developed countries.