由性状名词引发的对汉语词类划分标准的思考

Thinking the Classification Standards of Chinese Word Class Triggered by Trait Nouns

能进入形容词语法位置并表现性状特征的名词，就是性状名词。名词的泛性状化是名词实现性状意义的内因，语用频率是外因，句法结构是联系内外因的桥梁。性状名词的语用频率调查表明，把语用频率作为划分词类的标准具有客观可行性。在《现代汉语常用词表》中共有204个性状名词，占名词总数的1．15％。从句法来看，名词依次选择与副词组合、直接或与“地”组合后作状语、直接或与“的”组合后作定语作为体现性状的手段。语用频率低于1％的，是弱性状名词，处于1％-27％之间的是强性状名词。

Trait noun refers to adjective-syntactic-position nouns that could show quality and status character. Generalizing noun trait forms the inner cause of realizing noun trait meaning,pragmatic frequency is external cause,syntactic structure bridges the inner and outer causes. The investigation on the pragmatic frequency of trait noun indicates the pragmatic frequency is available to be taken as standards of classifying word class. in modern commonly-used Chinese vocabulary,204 trait words account for 1. 15% of the total nouns. in the view of syntax,nouns express quality and status through various patterns. Pragmatic frequency is lower than 1% , forming weak trait noun,while strong one ranges from 1% to 27% .