父母与自然“知母不知父”的西方谱系(下)

Parents and Nature:A Genealogy of Western Matriarchal Thought(II)

本文紧接《母权神话》,是对母权社会的文化根源的分析。文章认为,在现代思想家中,霍布斯已经谈到过母权论者的主要观点,巴霍芬的《母权论》是对霍布斯的继承,其中给出的诠释,即母亲代表自然,父亲代表文化,是母权论人类学家的基本假定,而这种假定又来自亚里士多德关于父亲提供形式、母亲提供质料的古典观念。现代女性主义者试图以种种方式化解亚里士多德以来的性别问题,却使自己陷入了新的困境。

After ＂The Myth of Matriarchy＂, intellectual origin of matriarchy. Among this part of the paper examines the modern thinkers, Hobbes already discussed the main ideas of matriarchy. The state of nature in ＂Leviathan＂ reflected not only wars of all against all but also marriages of all with all. I-Iobbes clearly argued that the first human family might be headed by the mother and that because children could not identify their fathers, the motherson contract could be the first human contract. Matriarchy of the 19th century was nothing but another form of social contract from the theory of human nature and the theory of contract. Bachofen＇s ideas of matriarchy followed the thinking of Hobbes＇s and his interpretation that the mother represented nature whereas the father represented culture was exactly the philosophical basis for the matriarchal anthropologists even none had made an explicit statement. This thought can be traced back to Aristotle, who viewed man as a perfect human being but woman as an underdeveloped deformed man. In generation, the father provided form and the mother matter. The relationships between the two genders in both family and city were based on this philosophical principle. The understanding of gender relationships in Western traditional thinking originated from Aristotle＇s theory of form and matter. With the development of Christianity, however, the gap between form and matter （or culture and nature） became bigger and bigger, and matriarchy was a result of this trend. Modern feminists have been trying in multiple ways to solve the problems of gender since Aristotle but only to get themselves into new dilemmas.