从《乌布西奔妈妈》看东海女真人的部落战争

The Tribal Wars of the Donghai Jurchen in the Epic Umesiben Mama

《乌布西奔妈妈》是满族先世东海女真人的一部英雄史诗,部落战争是其主线之一,体现了鲜明的特色,即以德降敌、以智克敌和宗教征服,从而具有与其他英雄史诗推崇勇武和暴力不同的特质。《乌布西奔妈妈》表现的部落战争可分为两个阶段,前段以掠夺性或争夺资源的战争为主,乌布西奔执政后的部落战争则被赋予统一东海诸部,促进区域和平的性质。

Umesiben Mama is a heroic epic of the Donghai Jurchen,the ancestors of the Manchu. One of the major threads of this epic is the tribal war, which features distinctive traits： facing the enemy down with morals, defeat- ing them with wits, and conquering them with religion, as opposed to other epics that advocate force and violence. The tribal war presented in Umesiben Mama can be divided into two phases： the early wars aimed at scrambling for or plundering resources, while the later wars under the reign of Umesiben Mama was endowed with the mis- sion of unifying the Donghai Jurchen tribes and enhancing peace.