政体选择与国情影响——基于中亚五国政体模式的分析

On the Influence of National Condition on the Political Structure Selection——From the the Model of the Constitutional System of the Central Asian Countries

中亚国家的宪法体制正处于一个持续转型时期,移植于西方国家的宪法制度呈现出强势总统、弱势议会、司法独立不足、选举与政党制度流于形式的特点。这既有历史遗存的影响,某种程度上也是社会转型时期的现实政治需要。这些特点及其政治后果的存在说明,宪法制度的转型是一个复杂漫长的历史过程,制度借鉴与移植是必要的,但更重要的是宪法制度的建设要结合本国国情,创造特色设计,否则便难以产生民主实效。

The central asian countries constitutional system is in a transition period, transplanted from western countries constitu- tional system, show characteristics of stronging president, weaking parliament and judicial independence, unworkable elections and party system. They could be influed by the historical relics, to some extent, is the political reality. These characteristics and its political consequences means that, the transformation of the constitution system is a complex and lengthy historical process, the system reference and transplantation is necessary, but more important is that the political construction and constitutional sys- tem should be combined with national conditions, to create the characteristic design, otherwise it is difficulty to produce the dem- ocratic effect.