工业污染治理投资的地区就业效应研究

Study on Effect of Industrial Pollution Treatment Investment on Regional Employment

工业污染治理投资是企业补偿环境负外部性的重要手段,其就业效应与生产性投资拉动就业截然不同。通过调整工业污染治理投资规模和模式,中国能否实现地区环境改善和就业增长的双重红利是非常值得探讨的问题。本文构建了一个包含工业污染治理投资变量的地区劳动力供求模型,分析得出工业污染治理投资的地区劳动力需求效应取决于其企业竞争力正效应与企业生产规模负效应的高低,工业污染治理投资的地区劳动力供给效应取决于劳动者效用的提高程度。采用污染物无量纲化后的工业污染治理投资强度变量,基于1997—2011年中国30个省份的面板数据,并运用联立方程回归估计方法进行实证研究,本文发现:提高工业污染治理投资总强度能实现地区就业增长。与工业污染事后治理的工业污染源治理投资模式相比,工业污染事前治理的"三同时"投资模式对企业竞争力和劳动者效用提升的作用更明显。前期工业污染治理投资对当期地区就业也有正效应,但弱于当期工业污染治理投资。工业污染较严重的东部地区工业污染治理投资就业效应高于全国水平。因此,中国各地区特别是东部地区应稳步增加工业污染治理投资规模,鼓励引导企业采用"三同时"投资模式,并科学制定工业污染治理投资中长期规划,以缓解地区就业与环境之间的矛盾。

Industrial pollution treatment investment（IPTI） is an important means of compensating environment negative externalities by corporations, which employment effect is entirely different from the productive investment. Then, it is very worthy of discussion that whether China can achieve the “doubIe dividend” of regional environment improvement and employment growth through rearrangement of the scale and model of IPTI. This article builds a regional labor supply and demand model which includes the IPTI variable. Theoretically it is concluded that the effect of IPTI on regional labor demand depends on the tradeoff of its positive enterprise competitive effect and negative production scale effect and the effect of IPTI on regional labor supply depends on the increase degree of laborer utility. Based on a nondimensionalized pollutants changed IPTI intensity variable and 1997 to 2011 China 30 provinces＇ panel data and applied simultaneous equation regression estimation method to do empirical research, we find that increasing the total intensity of IlyrI can achieve regional employment growth. Compared with the after-pollution industrial pollution source treatment investment model, the fore-pollution “three-simultaneity” IPTI model has a more significant effect on promoting enterprise competitiveness and laborer utility. The early stage of IPTI also has a significant positive effect on the current regional employment, but weaker than the current investment. The employment effect of the IPTI in the eastern region, where industrial pollution is more serious, is higher than the national average level. Therefore, different regions in China, especially the China eastern region need to Steadily increase the IPTI scale, encourage and guide industrial corporations convert environment investment into the “three-simultaneity” investment model and scientifically enact medium and long term IPTI plans, in order to relieve the contradiction between employment and environment.