企业核心技术的标准竞争策略分析——以美日企业与本土企业竞争为例

On Air Conditioner Enterprises' Standard Competition Strategy in Core Technology, Focus on Competence of Chinese Companies with American and Japanese Ones

中国家用空调销量居全球第一,但对核心技术知识产权和标准制定方面落后于美日跨国企业。笔者根据文献综述和产品结构分析并建立了围绕核心技术和关键零部件的标准竞争分析模型,通过对家用空调的产业链和价值链分析,阐明了核心技术和关键零部件背后的知识产权具有较高的附加值。通过回顾近年来家用空调产品标准的制定和颁布以及对近年来空调竞争格局分析,发现标准的变更对中国家用空调行业竞争格局产生了重大影响,验明了标准竞争是该行业竞争的制高点,并指出美日跨国公司正通过不断建立空调核心技术和关键零部件的知识产权、积极参与中国标准制定的方式,与本土企业展开更高层次的竞争。最后,笔者对美日企业在家用空调领域的标准竞争策略进行了分析,并提出本土空调企业的应对措施。

China ranks first in selling home air conditioners, but the core technology and intellectual property lag be-hind American and Japanese ones. This paper built a model of standard competition in the core technology of air conditioner enterprises, which is based on the literature review and analysis of product structure. Through the analysis of air conditioning industry chain and value chain, it indicates that intellectual property for core technology has high added value. It verifies that standard competition has occupied industrial competition height by reviewing the standards of air conditioner in recent years, and points out that American and Japanese com-panies actively develop technology standards and have started a higher-level competition with Chinese local companies.