主体的终结和后现代哲学的崛起——从鲍德里亚的视角看

The End of Subject and the Rise of Post-modern Philosophy——From the Perspective of Baudrillard

主体哲学是在资本主义兴起的社会背景下出现的,而在当代社会,资本主义进入了一个新的历史阶段。在这个历史阶段,人不再是生产的主体和日常生活行为的主体,也不再是政治的主体和道德的主体。人的主体地位的丧失是由社会生产进入再生产这一新的社会经济特点所决定的。如果说在生产进入再生产的时候,生产终结了,那么人在生产中的主体地位也终结了。生产的终结是由生产自身的极端发展所形成的,主体的终结也是主体性的极端发展所造成的。主体性的蓬勃发展导致主体自身的"死亡",这是主体的自杀。从这个意义上说,主体性的泛滥就是主体的"死亡"。这不能从辩证法上理解,而要从系谱学上去理解。后现代哲学就是在主体死亡中诞生的,它倡导非主体性。在它看来,只有主体自我解构了,对象才能得到认识,文本才能得到理解,人才能和社会融合,资本主义社会中人的孤立状态才能被克服。

Subjective philosophy grew up on the background of uprising bourgeois society. In the contemporary era, bourgeois society has gong into a new historical period. In this new period, man is neither the subject of production, the subject of everyday activity, nor the subject of the political and moral activities. The lose of his subjective position is determined by the new social and economic characteristics of the society which has gong from production into reproduction. When production goes into reproduction, production ends, so do the subject when the subjectivity goes to its extremes. The booming of subjectivity causes the ＂death＂ of subject himself. This is the suicide of subject. In this sense, the booming of subjectivity is the ＂death＂ of subject. This phenomenon should not be understood from the point view of dialectics, but from the point view of genealogy. The post-modern philosophy is born of the death of subiect. It proposes the non-subjectivity. According to the philosophy, only when the subject deconstructs himself, could object be recognizable, text be understandable, man merge with the society. The isolation of man in capitalist system could then be overcome.