我国运动员退役研究综述

Review on Retired Athlete Research in China

退役是运动员必经的一个阶段。我国的运动员退役安置政策的研究与制定一直落后于社会的发展,公平与效率始终是政策制定的基石,但是随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,如何在注重效率的同时兼顾公平成为政策制定的主要问题。我国运动员退役较早,竞技保持状态相对较短,年龄、伤病、对训练的厌烦情绪是其主要致因,但随着退役后就业矛盾的凸显,对未来工作、生活的忧虑逐渐成为运动员退役的致因,但年龄始终是主要影响因素。我国运动员退役安置状况堪忧,数十年来难以突破。心理学研究的介入,使研究者认识到运动员退役是一个动态发展的过程,定量与定性分析的方法使得运动员退役问题的研究更加深入。

Retirement is only a stage of the athletes. In China, retired athlete resettlement policy and research has lagged behind the development of the society, fairness and efficiency is always the foundation for policy making, but as the socialist market economic system gradually estab- lished, how to pay attention to the efficiency with fairness become the main problem of policy. Our athletes retire earlier, and competitive level maintains relatively short, age, injury, the training of boredom is the main cause, but as the retired employment contradiction highlights, concern about the future work and life has gradually become the cause of retired athlete, but age has always been the main influencing factors. Our athletes retired resettlement situation is grim, it is difficult to make breakthrough. The intervention of psychology study makes the re- searchers realize that the retired athlete is a dynamic development process, quantitative and qualitative analysis method made the research of retired athlete more deeply.