学校体育伤害事故的法律分析:司法实践的视角

Legal Analysis of Sports Injury Accidents in Schools:Perspective of Judicial Practice

通过对北京市各级法院的判决分析发现,中小学体育伤害事故主要发生在体育课上,受害人以限制民事行为能力人为主,男生多于女生;事故归责以适用过错责任原则为主,以适用公平责任原则为补充;法律适用上重视一般法,忽视与教育直接相关的部门法、特别法的运用;教师教学与管理、体育场地和设施、安全防护和救济等方面的不当和过错是导致学校承担法律责任的主要原因。能否适用过错推定原则和公平责任原则,如何认定学校过错,甘冒风险能否成为学校的抗辩事由,是司法实践面临的三个难点问题。

Based on the analysis of the judgments in courts of different levels in Beijing, we discovered a phenomenon,that is physical classes are the main venue where sports injury accidents often take place. The victims are usually the students who are persons with limited capacity for civil products,boys more than girls. Liability for fault is the main principle of accident accountability,while application of the principal of fair liability is used as a supplement. The application of law pays great attention to the common law, instead of the department law and special law directly related to education. The major reasons leading to school legal liabilities are often the inappropriate actions and faults of teachers＇ teaching and management, sports ground and facilities, safeguard and relief. Thus there are three difficulties in judicial practice： whether or not suitable to apply the principles of fault presumption and fair responsibility, how to impute faults to schools and whether the willingness to take the risk can be the defense cause, those are what we are ~oinz to discuss in the articl~