指量词的前置优势及宾语关系从句的产出优势：汉语二语学习者视角

Pre-RC determiner phrase bias and production preference for object relatives:Perspectives from L2-Chinese learners

英语关系从句的中心词前置,而汉语关系从句的中心词置尾;英语有冠词系统,而汉语为量词语言,且指量词在关系从句中的位置灵活。这使二语者习得指量词与汉语关系从句共现的结构成为难点。本文以英语为母语的汉语高级水平学习者为研究对象,采用基于字词的在线句子生成实验,考察二语者实时生成汉语关系从句的类型及指量词的位序选择模式。研究发现:1)指量词与宾语关系从句共现结构的产出率高;2)无论关系从句类型如何,前置指量词优势明显;3)指量词后置结构中,宾语关系从句的产出率具有明显优势。这些模式不符合名词短语可及性假设,但可从母语迁移和二语者自身认知资源的限制得到解释。

English relative clauses(RCs)are head-initial,whereas Chinese RCs are head-final.English has article system,whereas Chinese is a numeral-classifier language,and the positioning of a demonstrative-classifier(DCL)phrase is flexible in an RC.All these differences make the co-occurrence of an RC and a DCL phrase difficult to acquire for second-language(L2)learners.Using word-based sentence production paradigm,this study examines how advanced L2learners of Chi-nese whose native language is English produce Chinese RCs online and how they choose to position the DCL.Results show that i)the production rate of DCLs with object RCs was higher than that with subject RCs;ii)DCLs tended to occur in pre-RC positions,regardless of RC extraction types;iii)when DCLs occurred in post-RC position,object RCs had the production advantage. These patterns show inconsistency with the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy hypothesis,but can be explained by L1transfer and L2learners' limited cognitive resources.