国际合法性与大国责任的变化

International Legitimacy and the Changes of Great Powers'Responsibilities

国际社会是由变化着的合法性原则构成的,而合法性的核心原则涉及国际社会合法成员和合适行为愿意受约束的责任问题。这种受约束的义务来自于国家的成员地位。除了成员国的一般责任外,国际社会还存在着只有少数几个大国才能承担的特殊责任。特殊责任的分配往往涉及其他国家的认可,这种认可赋予了大国角色以合法性,并使其享有一定范围的特权和责任。同时,特殊责任的分配也是一种独特的合法性实践,它大致是围绕各国主权平等和大国特权之间的关系展开的。虽然特殊责任的分配在不同时期会有所不同,但它基本上按照合法性原则的要求确定。大国特殊责任的分配本质上是为了解决国际社会中的主权平等原则与物质力量分配不平衡之间的矛盾,以更好地维持国际秩序的有序运行。

The research on legitimacy and the responsibilities of great powers could only be appropriately understood within the framework of international society. Because the international society is founded on evolving principles of legitimacy, the core principle of which requires a willingness to be bound by a socially derived set of constraints as conditions for membership. The constraints include both particular conceptions of rightful membership of the international society, and particular conceptions of rightful conduct within it. Essentially, the social constraints are the obligations Each state＇s obligations come which states as members o{ from its membership status international society should fulfilh The members of that community relinquish their absolute sovereignty in exchange for membership, and they are willing to accept constraints of a set of generally applicable principles and rules. Therefore, if a state would like to obtain recognition from other states, the prerequisite is that the state must fulfill the basic obligations of membership in the international society. The most fundamental obligation of a state is its compliance with the principle of sovereign equality among states.