基于多重时空数据的新疆绿洲研究

Study of Xinjiang oasis with multitude of temporal and spatial data

绿洲是在特定的气候、地貌、水文、土壤、植被、动物等因素相互作用以及人类活动共同影响下而形成的自然综合体。即是在干旱区或荒漠背景下,由自然及人类共同作用,有利于人类及其他生物生存,且生产力明显高于周边的地域。利用近期新疆地区地形、降水、植被、草地、土壤等空间数据,以及2010年度新疆地区土地利用数据,应用GIS软件进行综合空间分析,获取了新疆地区干旱荒漠及绿洲区域的界线。2010年度新疆绿洲面积约占全疆总面积的9.54%,包括了天然绿洲与人工绿洲,两部分面积几乎各占一半。新疆地区绿洲的土地利用类型包括了各类林地、中高覆盖度草地、除冰川和永久积雪地的各类水域,沼泽地、城镇工矿居民点建设用地,以及各类灌溉耕地。

There are many concepts on oasis and differences in the study of it. In this paper, oasis is determined as a natural synthesis; it is formed, affected and derived commonly by multiple factors, such as climatic, topographic, hydrologic, soil, vegetation, animal factors and human activities. It takes place in an arid desert background, its envi- ronment is beneficial to life living, and its productivity is much higher than that of surrounding desert. As an actual method and result： using the temporal and spatial data of terrain, precipitation, vegetation, grassland, soil and lan- duse in 2010 of Xinjiang, supported with GIS, the boundary lines of arid deserts and oases in Xinjiang are obtained. The oasis area is about 9.63% of the whole area of Xinjiang, the landuse types of oases in Xinjiang own woodland, high and middle cover degree grassland, water area except snowcover and glaciers, swamp, resident and construction area, irrigation farmland. This oasis contains natural oasis and artificial oasis, and the two parts are almost half and half. The paper gives a new concept on oasis with the physical geography and artificial factors, and gives a method of synthetic judgment to get the arid background and oasis in Xinjiang; this result can reflect the present situation about landuse structure of oases in Xinjiang. And this result is in a dynamic change. With a multitude of temporal and spa- tial data updating and new investigation carrying out, its precision wiU be improved.