不同氮肥管理条件下设施黄瓜硝态氮淋失量研究

Study on Nitrate-N Leaching Loss of Cucumber in Greenhouse Under Different Nitrogen Managements

以黄瓜为研究对象，在目光温室内采用小区试验的方法，研究不同供氮水平下硝态氮淋失特征。结果表明，处理OM＋N1 PK黄瓜产量最高，且黄瓜植株和果实中氮吸收量最高，达253．56kg／hm^2；0．9m深处设施黄瓜硝态氮淋失量的大小顺序为，NPK〉OM＋N1PK〉OM＋NPK〉OM〉CK。施用化肥硝态氮淋失量最高，达205．52kg/hm^2，施用有机肥的处理硝态氮淋失量分别降低11．39％、21．98％、42．27％；1m土体的硝态氮累积量处理OM＋N1PK明显高于其他处理，且表层0-20cm累积量最高，高达389．66kg／hm^2，可为下茬作物提供氮素营养。总体来看，有机肥与化肥配合施用处理OM＋N1PK提高了黄瓜产量和氮吸收量，提高了土壤对硝态氮的吸附能力，增加了表层土壤中硝态氮累积量，降低了硝态氮的淋溶损失，减低了环境风险。

The test with cucumber as the object of the research, adopted plot experiment to study the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss under different nitrogen managements in solar greenhouse. The results showed that, the highest yield and the nitrogen uptake of cucumber were obtained in treatment of OM＋N1PK, the nitrogen uptake reached to 253.56 kg/hm^2. The nitrate nitrogen leaching loss from 0.9 m depth of soil layer was NPK〉OM＋ N1PK〉OM＋NPK〉OM〉CK. The nitrate nitrogen leaching loss was the highest on the treatment of using chemical fertilizer and reached to 205-52 kg/hm^2, the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss respectively reduced by 11.39%, 21.98%, 42.27%. the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of OM ＋ N1PK was obviously higher than other treatment for 0-1 m soil profile and the nitrate nitrogen accumulation at 0-20 cm layer had reached to 389.66 kg/hm2. It could provide essential nutrients for next stubble crops. On the whole, the treatment OM＋ N,Pk improved the yield and the topsoil nitrogen uptake, increased the adsorption ability and accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soils, decreased the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss, reduced the environmental risk.