7株羊肚菌菌丝的生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of 7 Strains of Morchella esculenta Mycelia

羊肚菌是著名的野生食用菌，味道鲜美，营养丰富，为了开发利用这一宝贵的自然资源，采用组织分离法，分离出7株羊肚菌菌丝并对其生物学特性进行研究。结果表明：7株羊肚菌菌丝体在12～30℃均能生长，适宜温度范围为20～30℃，其中25℃是各菌菌丝体生长的最佳温度；菌丝体在pH范围为6．0～8．0均可生长，其中01、05和07号菌的最适pH均为7．0，02、03号菌的最适pH均为8．0，04和06号菌的最适pH分别为6．0和6．5；7株羊肚菌能利用多种碳源和氮源，其中02、03、04、05以及06号菌的菌丝生长最适碳源分别为葡萄糖、淀粉、葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉；01、04、05、06号菌的菌丝生长最适氮源均为蛋白胨，02和03号菌的菌丝生长最适氮源均为尿素，07号菌的菌丝生长最适氮源为蛋白胨和硝酸铵。

Morchella esculenta is one of the well-known wild edible fungi in China which is delicious and rich in nutrition. The mycelia isolated from the wild and the biological characteristics were studied. The results showed that seven strains of Morchella esculenta could grow when temperature ranged from 12℃ to 30℃, the suitable ranged from 20℃ to 30℃, and the optimum temperature was 25℃. 7 kinds of Morchella esculenta could grow among the scope of pH 6.0-8.0, and the optimum pH for Morehella eseulenta of 01, 05 and 07 was 7.0, 02 and 03 were 8.0, 04 and 06 were 6.0 and 6.5 respectively. 7 kinds of Morchella esculenta could absorb lots of carbon and nitrogen sources. But the optimum carbon sources for Morehella eseulenta of 02, 03, 04, 05 and 06 was glucose, starch, glucose, sucrose and starch respectively, and the optimum nitrogen sources for Morchella esculenta of 01, 04, 05 and 06 was peptone, 02 and 03 were urea, 07 was peptone and NH4NO3.