都江堰猕猴桃主产区果园土壤肥力状况调查与评价

An Investigation and Assessment on the Soil Fertility Status of Kiwi Fruit Orchards in Dujiangyan

为全面了解都江堰猕猴桃主产区果园土壤肥力状况以及科学评价土壤环境质量，以该地区处于盛产期的9个果园为研究对象，分析果园表层土壤的pH、有机质以及有效态的N、P、K含量。结果显示：土壤明显偏酸性；土壤有机质含量较为充足，70．7％的土壤样本有机质含量超过了30g／kg；79．3％的土壤样品碱解N含量超过120mg／kg，仅有4．8％的土壤样品碱解N表现缺乏；18．3％的土壤样本速效P含量表现缺乏，仅有8．5％的土壤样品缺乏K素。从整体上看，果园的土壤pH和有机质空间变异较小，而有效P和有效K分布不均衡。此外，本次调查结果显示都江堰猕猴桃主产区果园的土壤环境质量不容乐观．56．1％土壤样本的pH〈5．5，在猕猴桃适宜生长范围pH5．5～7．0的样本数只有32．9％。76．9％的土壤样品碱解N含量超过了150mg／kg；62．2％的土壤样品速效P含量超过了50mg／kg。因此，需要及时提高果园土壤养分管理水平，建议适当调整施肥策略，根据果树生长需肥规律施肥，提高肥料利用率，避免果园施肥造成的面源污染和土壤环境质量恶化。

For better understanding the soil fertility status of the kiwifruit orchards in the major production area of Dujiangyan region and evaluating soil environmental quality scientifically, this investigation selected nine orchards for soil sampling, and analyzed the soil pH, organic matter, and available N, P and K. Results showed that the soils were obviously approach acid. Soil organic matter was relatively abundant, and 70.7% of the soil samples were above 30 g/kg. Soil available N in 79.3% of the soil samples was above 120 mg/kg, and only 4.8% of them were low. Soil available P in 18.3% of the soil samples were in low status. Only 8.5% of the soil samples showed low available K content. Overall, the spatial variability of orchard soft pH and organic matter were low, and available P and K distributed unevenly. Soil nutrient properties in some orchards were unbalanced. In addition, this survey showed that 56.1% of soil samples＇ pH was less than 5.5, and the pH in 32.9% of the samples were suitable for kiwi fruit growth; 76.9% of soil samples＇ available N was above150 mg/kg; 62.2% of soil sample＇ s available P exceeded 50 mg/kg. Therefore, soil nutrient management of kiwi fruit orchards should be improved. When applying improving fertilization rates and the method to the need fertilizer to kiwifruit orchard, we recommend that fertilizer law. Improve fertilizer utilization ratio to avoid non-point source pollution and soil environmental quality degradation of the orchards.